Swine fever definition of swine fever by merriamwebster. African swine fever asf is an infectious disease of domestic and wild pigs, caused by a. Given the nature of this disease, its potential to be highly virulent, and its vectorborne transmission, it would be cumbersome and very costly to eradicate. Classical swine fever hog cholera iowa state university. China has banned pig imports from south korea after seoul became the latest to report an outbreak of. The disease is similar to classical swine fever, but is caused by a different virus. African swine fever fact sheet board of animal health. African swine fever asf is an acute viral haemorrhagic fever which, in domestic pigs and wild boar, results in case fatalities approaching 100 per cent. Classical swine fever is a highly contagious, viral disease of swine that in its most virulent form causes morbidity and mortality approaching 100%. Traditionally confined to africa with only occasional incursions into other regions, asf. African swine fever is an important viral disease of pigs that has become a serious threat to. Assessment of classical swine fever diagnostics and vaccine.
African swine fever virus is a serious threat to the u. African swine fever asf is a devastating haemorrhagic fever of pigs that causes up to 100% mortality, for which there is no vaccine. Aug 11, 2000 the british pig industry was plunged into crisis yesterday when tens of thousands of pigs were ordered to be slaughtered after the spread of the most severe outbreak of swine fever in 30 years. As there is no effective vaccine and treatment method at present. Mar 01, 2016 raising awareness about african swine fever in ukraine duration. African swine fever the center for food security and public health.
Swine fever is a viral disease that afflicts swine. African swine fever is one of the most dangerous diseases of swine. African swine fever is an important viral disease of pigs that has become a serious threat to worldwide pork production since 2007. African swine fever asf is a highly contagious disease of swine that poses enormous economic losses due to its high mortality rate and rapid spread 1,2. Epidemiology, diagnosis and control of classical swine. Strategic approach to the management of african swine. African swine fever virus asfv is a dna virus in the asfarviridae family. Strategic approach to the management of african swine fever for the eu this document does not necessarily represent the views of the commission services please note that this document has been established for information and consultation purposes only.
It has a high economic impact in those countries affected, and currently threatens pig farming in africa and endangers the pig industry worldwide. It is caused by a virus, which is a microbe that cannot be seen without special microscopes. Classical swine fever csf or hog cholera also sometimes called pig plague based on the german word schweinepest is a highly contagious disease of swine old world and new world pigs. Classical swine fever should not be confused with swine flu which is a. African swine fever asf is a viral hemorrhagic disease with different clinical and lesional changes depending of virulence of strainsisolates and immunological. Aug 26, 2014 african swine fever is a notifiable animal disease. People are not affected by african swine fever or classical swine fever.
As part of its overall mission to protect american agriculture, the united states department of. Since 2007, asf outbreaks have been ongoing in the caucasus, eastern europe and the baltic countries, causing severe. African swine fever virus asfv is a doublestranded dna virus that causes a lethal hemorrhagic disease of domestic swine. The severity of the illness varies with the strain of the virus, the age of the pig, and the immune status of the herd. Colitis colitis is an infection of the large intestine mainly in pigs from 6 to 14 weeks of age. This work provides a novel, highly sensitive, hot start pcr method for rapid and specific detection of african swine fever virus asfv that can be used as a routine diagnostic test for asfv in. The disease is highly contagious and poses a serious threat to the swine. The disease is still present in many countries, so there is a risk that it could become established in this country once again. African swine fever asf is a severe viral disease of pigs that can spread very rapidly in pig herds. African swine fever asf is a highly contagious disease of swine that has not been detected in the united states to date.
This viral disease, called african swine fever, can wreak havoc in a pigs body causing internal bleeding and resulting in almost 100 percent mortality of the infected pigs. African swine fever is a very important disease of pigs. Highly contagious, viral disease of pigs that is usually fatal. The virus causes a hemorrhagic fever with high mortality rates in domestic pigs. Procedure manual for classical swine fever csf surveillance i. Pigs are the only domestic animal species that is naturally infected by asfv. Washington, march 19, 2019 last week, usda trained detector dogs played a major role in the seizure of smuggled pork from china where there is an outbreak of african swine fever.
New vaccine against african swine fever appears to be more. Food and agriculture organization of the united nations 6,754 views. Carter n sons bbq tries to correct their old commercial for bbq that will give you swine fever during the swine flu epidemic. North america is also at risk for the reintroduction of classical classical swine fever csf is a highly contagious and economically significant viral disease of pigs. Classical swine fever aetiology epidemiology diagnosis prevention and control references aetiology classification of the causative agent classical swine fever csf virus is a member of the. Please refer to the animal disease notification system for a description of the notification system and the latest health situation table. African swine fever virus asfv usually circulates in subsaharan africa, where it is thought to have originated in wild warthogs but has become a common virus in domesticated pigs. Asfv is unique in that it is the only member of the genus asfivirus and. We confirmed the 2019 outbreak in vietnam by realtime reverse transcription pcr. Asf is caused by a large dna virus, african swine fever virus asfv. African swine fever asf is caused by a virus that is classified as a member of.
A comparison of sai restriction maps from 23 african swine fever virus field isolates 8 african, 11 european, and 4 american has shown that the virus genome consists of a central region with a. Guidelines for the costeffective prevention and control of. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. African swine fever asf is a devastating hemorrhagic viral disease of pigs, affecting domestic and wild pigs of all ages and sexes. Notice of determination of the classical swine fever status. Subacute and chronic forms have been described but are unusual under. Swine fever crisis hits pig farms uk news the guardian. General provisions for the purposes of international trade, classical swine fever csf is defined as an infection of domestic pigs. African swine fever virus asfv is a large, doublestranded dna virus in the asfarviridae family. Classical swine fever eu position the eu supports the adoption of the modified chapter. Viral strains of low to moderate virulence cause infections with a gradient of severity, some clinically inapparent. African swine fever asf is a highly lethal viral disease of domestic pigs that manifests as an acute or peracute haemorrhagic fever.
It was first described in the early 19th century in the usa. A related form of the disease is called african swine fever. In the aforementioned report, csf live attenuated vaccines and the commercially available e2 subunit marker vaccines. In countries which are free of disease, or where eradication is in progress, vaccination is normally prohibited. African swine fever asf afrivip african veterinary.
Its acute form, which is typically fatal, is characterized by high fever, loss of appetite, lethargy, and redness in the skin or red blotches or blackened lesions on the skin. In the roy schultz lecture, he describes the contributing factors. Classical swine fever virus is a spherical enveloped particle of about 4060 nm in diameter with a single stranded rna genome of about 12,300 bases with positive polarity, classified as a pestivirus within the family flaviviridae. African swine fever aetiology epidemiology diagnosis prevention and control references aetiology classification of the causative agent african swine fever virus asfv is a dna virus in the asfarviridae family. African swine fever asf is a notifiable, highly contagious, lethal, hemorrhagic disease in domestic pigs 1,2. African swine fever asf is a major threat to the pig industry in europe. In fenners veterinary virology fifth edition, 2017. Domestic pig is defined as all domesticated pigs, permanently captive or farmed free range, used for the. African swine fever causes substantial economic losses in the swine industry in affected countries. Classical swine fever is a notifiable disease, according to council directive 82894eec of 21 december 1982 on the notification of animal diseases within the community.
Sop manual african swine fever etiology and ecology genome characteristics. The goal of the program is to enhance surveillance for the rapid detection of csf virus introduced into u. African swine fever aetiology epidemiology diagnosis prevention and control references aetiology classification of the causative agent african swine fever virus asfv is a dna virus in the. Three weaner pigs and two wild boars yearlings were intranasally inoculated with the isolate spante and tested for clinical, virological, hematological and serological findings until day 31 after. If you suspect it, you must report it immediately by calling the defra rural services helpline on 03000 200 301. The virus is quite readily inactivated by approved disinfectants. Notice of determination of the classical swine fever. The chinese authorities reported an outbreak of asf in domestic pigs in liaoning region, north east china on 3rd. A classical swine fever virus csfv field isolate originating from wild boar was investigated on its virulence in domestic pigs and wild boar.
African swine fever asf is a highly contagious hemorrhagic disease of pigs that produces a wide range of clinical signs and lesions that closely resemble those of classical swine fever see classical swine fever. Classification of the causative agent resistance to. Donald trump and swine fever are creating an economic crisis. Viral genotypes have been identified by sequence analysis. African swine fever virus asfv is a large, enveloped dna virus, of the genus.
Classical swine fever an overview sciencedirect topics. African swine fever national invasive species information center. African swine fever asf is a highly contagious virus that causes an often fatal disease in pigs and wild boar. Other members of the pestivirus genus can cause disease in pigs, notably bovine viral diarrhoea and borders disease. This is characterized by diarrhea without blood and with few or no mucus. Swine fever hog cholera, swine fever, european swine fever, peste du porc, colera porcina, virusschweinepest last updated. Swine fever definition of swine fever by the free dictionary. Since our last report, china has reported new outbreaks of asf in domestic pigs, and. Subunit vaccine approaches for african swine fever virus. Outbreak of african swine fever, vietnam, 2019 volume 25.
Swine fever article about swine fever by the free dictionary. Prediction for global african swine fever outbreaks based on a. The virus causes a hemorrhagic fever with high mortality. Today, only 17 other regions are free of csf, 9 of which are in mexico. It is the causative agent of african swine fever asf. Edema disease the edema disease happens during the weaning period and it is characterized by a e. Apr 23, 2020 swine fever definition is hog cholera. It is caused by a unique dna virus that is maintained in an. Classical swine fever is a contagious, often fatal, disease of pigs clinically characterized by high body temperature, lethargy, yellowish diarrhea, vomiting, and a purple skin discoloration of the ears, lower abdomen, and legs. However, pigs infected with african swine fever virus do not always show signs of disease.
China bans south korea pig imports on african swine fever fears. Please help us to prevent the introduction of the disease to germany. African swine fever dutch wildlife health centre dwhc. The bureau of animal industry has confirmed that the number of cases of african swine fever in the philippines has reached outbreak level, news 5 reports. Classical swine fever still a threat classical swine fever csf, also known as hog cholera, is a highly contagious viral disease of swine. A species profile for classical swine fever csf, hog cholera. Additionally, usda is releasing four infographics on the following topics. The classical swine fever eradication plan for the americas 1 1. Both diseases only affect pigs and are exotic to australia.
Swine fever causes fever, skin lesions, convulsions, splenic infarctions and usually particularly in young animals. It is an economically important disease that is enzootic in many african countries and the mediterranean island, sardinia. Highly contagious african swine fever has been spreading through europe since 2007 and is now a threat for millions of domestic pigs and wild boar. African swine fever images to show clinical signs and pathology the following series of images have been provided by the pirbright institute to assist in the recognition of disease due to african swine fever. Csf is probably the most important transmissible disease of pigs and it is caused by classical swine fever virus csfv, a member of the flaviviridae family within the pestivirus genus. African swine fever asf is widespread in africa but is rarely introduced to other continents.
Strategic approach to the management of african swine fever for the eu this document does not necessarily represent the views of the commission services please note that this document has been. Purpose this document describes the guidelines and procedures for the national surveillance program for classical swine fever csf as of february 2007. College of veterinary medicine 1800 christensen drive ames, iowa 5001114 5152941242 contact us. The two viruses are quite different from one another in structure and behavior. This microbe attacks domestic and wild pigs, causing great losses in pigs of all races, sexes and ages. Abstract african swine fever asf is a virulent infectious disease of pigs. The severity of the illness varies with the strain of the virus, the age of the pig, and the immune status of. Usda continues to prevent african swine fever from. Schwartz swine disease manual edited by neumann, ramirez, schwartz published by the american association of swine veterinarians isbn 9780984350308 sample. Procedure manual for classical swine fever csf surveillance. Highthroughput and allsolution phase african swine fever.
The causative strain belonged to p72 genotype ii and. Classical swine fever virus csfv is a member of the pestivirus genus within the flaviviridae family that is the causative agent of classical swine fever csf in pigs and its genome consists of. There is no vaccine against asfv and this limits the options for disease control. Depner from the institute of epidemiology in germany is a worldrenowned expert on asf. Csf was eradicated from the united states in 1978 after a 16year effort by the industry and state and federal governments. Infection occurs in wild and domestic pigs, including wild boar, and rarely in cattle. Yet, the diseases they cause are very similar with respect to. African swine fever asf, caused by african swine fever virus, is a hemorrhagic and often fatal disease of domestic pigs and wild boar, which is notifiable to the world organization for animal. African swine fever virus asfv is a highly virulent pathogen that causes near 100% mortality rate in domestic pigs and wild boars galindo and alonso, 2017. Swine diseases manual pig333, pig to pork community. African swine fever asf detection and diagnosis fao. Rapid detection of african swine fever virus using cas12a. Transmission routes of african swine fever virus to.
The regulations in 9 cfr part 94 referred to below as the regulations prohibit or restrict the importation of specified animals and animal products to prevent the introduction into the united states of various animal diseases, including classical swine fever csf, footandmouth disease, swine vesicular disease, and rinderpest. African swine fever asf is an infectious disease of domestic and wild pigs of all breeds and ages, caused by asf. There is not an effective, safe vaccine against this virus, neither any treatment. African swine fever july 2015 african swine fever asf is an infectious disease of domestic and wild pigs, caused by a virus that produces a range of clinical signs. Asfv is the only member of its genus and it is the. This disease, which is not dangerous for humans, can be transmitted by food. Classical swine fever aetiology epidemiology diagnosis prevention and control references aetiology classification of the causative agent classical swine fever csf virus is a member of the family flaviviridae, genus pestivirus, containing one serotype divided into three major genotypes, including numerous subgenotypes.
The classical swine fever eradication plan for the america. In order to protect swine producers, emphasis must be placed on surveillance and diagnostic testing. Classical swine fever csf is a highly contagious and economically significant viral disease of pigs. African swine fever virus asfv usually circulates in subsaharan africa.
The regulations in 9 cfr part 94 referred to below as the regulations prohibit or restrict the importation of specified animals and animal products to prevent the introduction into the united states of various animal diseases, including classical swine fever csf, footandmouth disease, swine. The virus is quite resistant in the environment, surviving a couple of days. African swine fever asf is a complex and devastating swine disease caused by a complex dna virus, the only member of the asfaviridae family dixon et al. African swine fever virus asfv is the cause of a highly fatal disease in swine, for which there is no available vaccine. Emergence of african swine fever virus, northwestern iran. Overview of african swine fever generalized conditions. African swine fever images to show clinical signs and. Asfv is unique in that it is the only member of the genus asfivirus and the only known dna arthropodborne virus arbovirus.
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